Sand lizards ( <i>Lacerta agilis</i> ) decrease nymphal infection prevalence for tick‐borne pathogens <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> sensu lato and <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> in a coastal dune ecosystem

Understanding which factors determine tick-borne disease hazard can contribute to effective control. In Europe, the of pathogens Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum is determined by local tick densities (mainly Ixodes ricinus) reservoir competence host species community. Sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) are common hosts for larvae nymphs I. ricinus non-competent reservoirs both pathogens. Consequently, high relative abundance L. agilis hypothesized be associated with lower infection prevalence in nymphs. Here, we aimed test whether this effectively occurs natural settings. We sampled different habitat types within a heterogenous dune landscape at Dutch coast estimated (1) densities, (2) community competence, (3) density questing ticks (4) number feeding on agilis. Captured had burdens contributed substantially their habitat. B. A. were virtually absent from The nymphal was where more abundant. Hence, strongly reduced competence. higher denser vegetation also varied between than prevalence. As result, stronger effect infected did Synthesis applications. Coastal habitats favourable have human hazard. These results might applicable similar ecosystems present. From public health perspective, underlines importance preserving early successional habitat, as encroaching shrubs hazard, removal solution reduce coastal dunes. degree spatial heterogeneity poses opportunities manage recreational activities limit exposure diseases.